Typically only one interstitial atom is required per lattice plane of the dislocation.
2.
The actual interstitial atom would ideally be in the middle of one of the polyhedra.
3.
Some steels are designed to remove the Cottrell atmosphere effect by removing all the interstitial atoms.
4.
The interstitial atoms create anchor points, or pinning points, in the same manner as intersecting dislocations.
5.
For example, a crystalline material will contain Hall Petch relationship ), interstitial atoms, vacancies or substitutional atoms.
6.
As these interstitial atoms distort the lattice slightly, there will be an associated residual stress field surrounding the interstitial.
7.
Similarly, as more interstitial atoms are added, more pinning points that impede the movements of dislocations are formed.
8.
If a dislocation comes in contact with two or more interstitial atoms, the slip of the planes will again be disrupted.
9.
By varying the presence of interstitial atoms and the density of dislocations, a particular metal's hardness can be controlled.
10.
Further, it occurs without the diffusion of either substitutional or interstitial atoms and so martensite inherits the composition of the parent austenite.
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